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• Parthenon

  The French poet Lamartine called the Parthenon the ‘most perfect poem in stone’ and it is truely the magnificent beauty of the greatest architectural achievement of classical Greece.
  
  The Parthenon – meaning Temple of the Virgin – was dedicated to Athena, goddess of wisdom and justice, protectress of the city. It was designed by the sculptor Phidias using ancient principles of sacred numerology, geometry and architecture, and was executed by master architects Ictinus and Callicrates.
  
  The columns swell gently at the middle, leaning slightly inward, and the floor surface is convex. It is quite astonishing, but nowhere in the temple is there a straight line. One theory holds that this was designed to counteract the optical illusion by which straight lines, seen from a distance, appear to bend. All the subtly curving departures from both true vertical and horizontal give life and rhythmic movement to the stone. What’s more – and this is the architectural stroke of genius – they give the structure a magnificent symmetry.
  
  Aside from its cult functions, this supreme example of the Doric temple symbolized Athenian imperial glory as well as holding the national treasury. Ancient pagan temples were meant to be appreciated from the outside, so the Parthenon’s altar, where live offerings were slaughtered, actually stood outside the building, positioned opposite the eastern façade. Only a handful of privileged persons – priests or high officials – were permitted to enter the sacred cella (inner temple).

  Those admitted were able to view Phidias’ masterpiece, the 12m (39ft) high statue depicting Athena Parthenos, Athena the virgin, made of wood and covered with ivory and gold. The great ancient Greek historian Thucydides records its weight as 40 talents (1,052kg) or 2,320lb) which was a conservative estimate. By the 4^th century AD it had vanished forever, but you can see a 2^nd century AD copy, the Varvakeion Athena, in the National Archaeological Museum – at 1½ the original size.

  The decoration of the Parthenon was arguably the most ambitious of any temple the world has seen, with sculptures at three levels. Little of this remains. The renowned ‘Elgin Marblrs’ were removed by the British ambassador to Constantinople at the start of the 19^th century with Turkish permission, and are now in the British Museum in London. Since then the Greek government has lobbied long and hard for their return.

  Above the plain beam resting on the columns were 92 panels, each sculpted at 1.2m (4ft) square, called metopes, illustrating scenes of ancient conflict. Over the centuries most have been destroyed or removed (12 are in the British Museum). The best one that is still on show here is of a young Lapith, a mountain tribesman from Thessaly, struggling with a centaur.

  Two massive triangular pediments, now virtually empty, crown the front and rear ends of the Parthenon. Once they were adorned with some 50 larger – than – life statues representing the legends of Athena. 

  Parthenon Athens 105 58, Greece

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• Acropolis of Athens

  This ancient citadel and landmark of Athens contains some of the world’s finest monuments of the antiquity, including the Parthenon and the Erechtheion, with its unusual Porch of the Caryatids. Admission includes entrance to the Acropolis Museum. These are wonderful views over Athens and the ancient Agora.

  This 4ha (10-acre) rock rising 90m (300ft) above the plain of the Attica reigns over Athens with timeless majesty. Its name is derived from Greek and means ‘high town’: acro -- highest point and polis – town or city. It also means ‘citadel’.

  Acropolis of Athens Athens 105 58, Greece

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• Propylaea

  Six Doric columns mark the monumental entrance to the Acropolis. More than a grand gateway, the function of the Propylaea was to generate awe and respect, and prepare lesser mortals for a meeting with the goddess.

  Construction began in 437 BC, but was halted five year later by the Pelopon-nesian War and never finished.

  The central and largest of the gateways was intended for chariots and approached by a ramp: steps lead up to the four other entries.

  As you reach the porch, you’ll see Ionic as well as Doric columns; this was the first building to incorporate both styles (compare the solid majesty of the Doric with the light elegance of the Ionic).

  The Pinakotheke on the left side housed a gallery of paintings done on wooden panels, depicting heroic deeds.

  Propylaea Acropolis, Dionysiou Areopagitou, Athina 105 58, Greece

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• Temple of Athena Nike

  This enchanting temple, with a graceful Ionic portio, perches high on a terrace off to the right (southwest) of the Propylaea, and has a glorious panorama of the sea and distant mountains.

  Built between 427 and 424 BC by the architect Callicrates, during a respite from the Peloponnesian War, it was devoted to Athena as the goddess of peace and victory.

  The temple housed a statue of her which became known as the Wingless Victory herself was always shown with wings. The temple was torn down by the Turks in 1687 to make way for an artillery position; the one which is now standing was later painstakingly reassembled from the rubble by archaeologists during the 19th and 20th centuries.

  Passing through the Propylaea, you come out into the great sloping plateau of the Acropolis. Try to imagine the scene 2,400 years ago, when these masterworks of architecture and sculpture were going up. Scores of stone cutters; carpenters, founders and braziers, goldsmiths, ivory workers, painters, dyers, and even embroiderers swarmed over this ground. For the most part they were freemen, not slaves, practitioners of nearly every art and craft then known.

  Dominating the immediate foreground was an enormous bronze statue of Athena under another guise – Athena Promachos, the Defender. This statue of the goddess holding shield and spear was created by Phipias to honour the visitor at Marathon.

  It’s said that sailors could spot the tip of her helmet as their ships sailed around the gulf from Sounion. That statue stood here for 1,000 years, until it was carted off to Constantinople in the 6th century AD.

  Temple of Athena Nike Acropolis, Dionysiou Areopagitou, Athina 105 58, Greece

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• Odeon of Herodes Atticus

  Summer plays and concerts are stages in this restored ancient theatre.
  
  Atticus was rich Athenian who donated the theatre to the city in AD 161, in memory of his deceased wife.
  
  The triple-tiered, arched façade is typical of Roman theatre, but the white marbles seats are modern restoration.

  Odeon of Herodes Atticus Areopagitou Dionisiou, Athina 105 55, Greece

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• Theatre of Dionysus

  The famous plays of Sophocles, Euripides, Aeschylus and Arisophanes were first staged here in the Theatro Dionisou beneath the Acropolis, in what is now a rebuilt but crumbling theatre.

  The original, 5th-century-BC theatre had seats hacked out of the earth around a circular stone dancing stage, flush with the ground. The semi-circular marble orchestra that you see today was sculptured by the Romans; the carved relief depicting scenes from Dionysus’ life forms the façade of a raised stage. The backdrop of stone, skene, gave us the world scene.

  The theatre held about 17.000 spectators. The names of top officials were curved into 67 front-row thrones of Pentelic marble. The place of honour is the lion-footed throne of the high priest of Dionysus Eleftherious.

  Juste behind it stands the throne of Hadrian. Before and after a play, Athenians would promenade in the Stoa of Eumenes (Stoa Evmenous), an arched, two-tiered colonnade built in the 2nd century BC; only a section of it remains. It ran more than 150m (1500ft) from the theatre along to the smaller Odeon of Herodes Atticus.

   

  Theatre of Dionysus Mitseon 25, Athina 117 42, Greece

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• The Horologion of Andronikos Of Kyrrhos

  Built by the astronomer Andronikos in the 1st century BC. It once contained an elaborate water clock that was fed by a spring on the Acropolis. Sculptures on each of the eight sides of the octagonal marble tower represent the eight points of the compass and the corresponding wind.

  You’ll spot Notos, the south end, pouring water from an urn, while Zephyros, the west wind, scatters spring flowers.

  Spread out below the tower are the remains of the Roman Forum (Romaiki Agora). On the far side, the four Doric columns were part of the Gate of Athena Archegetis, which marked the main entrance to the market area. One door support, protected by a rusty iron grille, is inscribed with Emperor Hadrian’s edict taxing olive oil.

  The Horologion of Andronikos Of Kyrrhos Aiolou, Athina 105 55, Greece

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• Tripodon

  Featuring impressive balconied villas from the early 19th century this street is worthy of a visit.
  
  In ancient times, winners of Dionysian contests placed their prizes – tripods filled with sacred oil – on pedestals along this street, whence its name, ‘Street of the Tripods’.

  Tripodon, Athina, Greece

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• Anafiotika

  Following Epicharmou street off to the left from Tripodon, you come to a remarkable white-washed village within the city: Anafiotika.
  
  To come with the severe housing shortage experienced in Athens after Greek independence, a law was passed which permitted anyone who built a house – or at least managed to get its roof up – between sunset and sunrise to occupy it.
  
  The first people to quality were two stone masons from the tiny Aegean island of Anafi. They were followed by other Anafiots, also masons, who built and restored houses and churches in their native style.
  
  As a result, this part of Athens resembles a Greek island, and today, the Anafiots living on the heights of Plaka outnumberthe 350 residents on their native Anafi.

  Anafiotika, Athina 117 42, Greece

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• Plaka

  Plaka, Athens’ oldest quarter, is the most charming part of the city. Strictly speaking, the whole area south of Ermou Street is Plaka, but the heart lies close to the Acropolis.

  The two main thoroughfares are Kidathineon and Adrianou, which intersect just below Platika Filikis Eterias, the quarter’s large, leafy main square.

  A mixture of ancient ruins, Byzantine churches and lively taverns are packed into under half a square kilometer. The main delight here is the atmosphere of the winding streets, many of which follow ancient footpaths climbing up towards the Acropolis. Without warning you’ll come upon stunning views of the Acropolis, the Agora, or the distant peak of Mount Lycabettus (Likavittos).

  Plaka, Athens 105 58, Greece

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Here are some reviews of Erechtheion - don't forget to let us know how you got on by using the drop box at the bottom of the page, or joining our community and making a review.

• Ognian Dimitrov
  A relatively well preserved temple in the Ionic-style Acropolis. Here, the most interesting are Tsararyatids - columns shaped like a female statue. Keep in mind that the real ones are in the Acropolis Museum, and those in the temple are just spears.
• Rodrigo D
  Less well known than the Parthenon, it’s unique structure and the fact that was simultaneously a cult place for several Greek gods and burial place of a king, makes this temple a very special one. It has interesting “signs” of Athena Polias and Poseidon. Try to find them. Tips: one is a vegetable one and a other crosses the ceiling. It’s most well known feature though is the Porch of the Karyatids, all six here are reproductions. You can see five of the magnificent female draped figures in the New Acropolis Museum. The sixth one is in the British Museum.
• Ryan VanDorp
  Beautiful doorway and it's incredible that its current condition has managed to survive all these centuries. Great photo opportunities as well - both the monument itself, and the surrounding views of the city.
• Jesslyn Farros
  Just incredible! Need to see in person to truly appreciate the awesomeness that is Ancient Greek architecture.
• Willy Anderson
  Not quite as well known as the Parthenon, but it is even better in my opinion. You can get up close with it which is great.

We don't have any reviews of Erechtheion at this time. If you've been recently please make a submission using the drop box at the bottom of the page, or better yet, join our community, participate and then write some reviews according to your Capacities and Reputation Score.